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Categories: Birth Defects
Published Abnormal brain structure identified in children with developmental language problems
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A rigorous analysis of numerous studies concludes that a part of the brain traditionally associated with movement is abnormal in children with developmental language impairments. The discovery has the potential to improve both the diagnosis and treatment of the language difficulties.
Published FRYL gene variants linked to a new neurological disorder
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A recent study links the FRYL gene to a new neurodevelopmental disorder in humans. They used fruit flies to establish that the loss of a functional copy of the FRY-like transcription coactivator (FRYL) gene is the underlying cause of this new disorder in fourteen individuals.
Published Integrity of blood-brain barrier depends on protein that is altered in some neurodegenerative diseases
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Defects in the blood vessel network of the central nervous system have been linked to early symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is this complex vascular network that provides the necessary nutrients -- especially glucose and oxygen -- to activate all neuronal functions. A new study reveals that the TDP-43 protein is essential for forming a stable and mature blood vessel network in the central nervous system.
Published Adding folic acid to table salt could prevent life-threatening birth defects
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A team of international researchers has demonstrated, for the first time in a field study, that using folic acid-fortified iodized table salt can prevent multiple severe birth defects.
Published Psychosocial stressors linked to higher inflammation in Black pregnant women
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Living in neighborhoods with more white residents and greater lifetime experiences of racial discrimination are linked to increased systemic inflammation during pregnancy among Black women, according to new research.
Published This injectable hydrogel mitigates damage to the right ventricle of the heart
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source An injectable hydrogel can mitigate damage to the right ventricle of the heart with chronic pressure overload, according to a new study. In 2019, this same hydrogel was shown to be safe in humans through an FDA-approved Phase 1 trial in people who suffered a heart attack. As a result of the new preclinical study, the FDA approved an investigational new drug application to start a clinical trial with the hydrogel in pediatric patients in the coming months, once institutional approvals are received.
Published Zika vaccine safe, effective when administered during pregnancy
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A vaccine against Zika virus is safe and effective when administered both before and during pregnancy, according to new research.
Published A better way to deliver fetal therapy for serious genetic disorders
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source In a discovery that opens the door to a less invasive way of treating some serious disorders before birth, UC San Francisco scientists have found that delivering medicine through amniotic fluid is as effective as delivering it to the fetal brain via cerebrospinal fluid. The experiment was done in mice with a genetic disorder called Angelman syndrome.
Published New study links placental oxygen levels to fetal brain development
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study shows oxygenation levels in the placenta, formed during the last three months of fetal development, are an important predictor of cortical growth (development of the outermost layer of the brain or cerebral cortex) and is likely a predictor of childhood cognition and behavior.
Published Learning and memory problems in down syndrome linked to alterations in genome's 'dark matter'
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source The activity of Snhg11, a gene found in the 'dark matter' of the genome, is critical for the function and formation of neurons in the hippocampus, specifically in an area critical for learning and memory. Researchers have discovered the gene is less active in brains with three copies of chromosome 21, which causes Down syndrome, potentially contributing to the condition's intellectual disabilities. The researchers plan on carrying out further research to discover the exact mechanisms of action involved, information that could open potential avenues for new therapeutic interventions.
Published Blindness from some inherited eye diseases may be caused by gut bacteria
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Sight loss in certain inherited eye diseases may be caused by gut bacteria, and is potentially treatable by antimicrobials, finds a new study in mice.
Published New insight into gene uncovers its link to incurable birth defect
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have unraveled how mutations in a gene can lead to an incurable neurodevelopmental disorder that causes abnormal brain development in newborns and infants.
Published Stress during pregnancy can lead to early maturation of first-born daughters
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have found a correlation between early signs of adrenal puberty in first-born daughters and their mothers' having experienced high levels of prenatal stress. They did not find the same result in boys or daughters who were not first-born.
Published Why ventilators can be tough on preemie lungs
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source New research finds that premature lungs become stiffer than adult lungs under stress. This disrupts the function of transporters that are important for removing water from the lungs after birth.
Published Patterns of brain connectivity differ between pre-term and term babies
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new scanning study of 390 babies has shown distinct patterns between term and pre-term babies in the moment-to-moment activity and connectivity of brain networks.
Published Pregnant women should avoid ultraprocessed, fast foods, experts urge
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Research shows that phthalates, a class of chemicals associated with plastics, can shed from the wrapping, packaging and even from plastic gloves worn by food handlers into food. Once consumed during pregnancy, the chemicals can get into the bloodstream, through the placenta and then into the fetal bloodstream. The chemical can cause oxidative stress and an inflammatory cascade within the fetus, researchers noted. Previous literature has indicated that exposure to phthalates during pregnancy can increase the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth and child mental health conditions such as autism and ADHD.
Published Researchers make progress toward developing blood tests for psychiatric and neurological disorders
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers used genetic material from human blood and lab-grown brain cells say they have made progress in developing a blood test to identify disease-associated changes in the brain specifically linked to postpartum depression and other psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Published Males born to obese mothers more likely to suffer health issues as adults
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Males born to obese women are more likely to be overweight at birth and develop metabolic complications in later life, including liver disease and diabetes.
Published Polycystic ovary syndrome tied to memory, thinking problems
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source People with polycystic ovary syndrome may be more likely to have memory and thinking problems in middle age, according to new research. The study does not prove that polycystic ovary syndrome causes cognitive decline. It only shows an association.
Published Brain protein's virus-like structure may help explain cancer-induced memory loss
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source In a rare but serious complication of cancer, the body's own immune system can start attacking the brain, causing rapid-onset memory loss and cognitive deficits. What triggers this sudden biological civil war was largely unknown. Now, researchers have found that some tumors can release a protein that looks like a virus, kickstarting an out-of-control immune reaction that may damage brain cells.