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Categories: Dietary Supplements and Minerals
Published Similarities and differences in human and insect vision formation
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have discovered profound similarities and surprising differences between humans and insects in the production of the critical light-absorbing molecule of the retina, 11-cis-retinal, also known as the 'visual chromophore.' The findings deepen understanding of how mutations in the RPE65 enzyme cause retinal diseases, especially Leber congenital amaurosis, a devastating childhood blinding disease.
Published Bridging diet, microbes, and metabolism: Implications for metabolic disorders
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Mounting evidence suggests that the secret to understanding human health and combating metabolic diseases lies hidden within the microscopic world of our gut bacteria. Recent research reveals that a specific fatty acid produced by gut bacteria directly influences fat metabolism in animals. This research is pivotal as it sheds light on the complex interplay between the diet, gut microbiota, and host metabolic health, offering insights that could open new avenues in our approach to managing metabolic disorders.
Published Eating too much protein is bad for your arteries, and this amino acid is to blame
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Consuming over 22% of dietary calories from protein can lead to increased activation of immune cells that play a role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and drive the disease risk, new study showed.
Published Link between high levels of niacin -- a common B vitamin -- and heart disease, study suggests
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have identified a new pathway that contributes to cardiovascular disease associated with high levels of niacin, a common B vitamin previously recommended to lower cholesterol. The team discovered a link between 4PY, a breakdown product from excess niacin, and heart disease. Higher circulating levels of 4PY were strongly associated with development of heart attack, stroke and other adverse cardiac events in large-scale clinical studies. The researchers also showed in preclinical studies that 4PY directly triggers vascular inflammation which damages blood vessels and can lead to atherosclerosis over time.
Published Blocking an essential nutrient inhibits malaria parasite growth
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers found that by preventing the malaria parasite from scavenging fatty acids, a type of required nutrient, it could no longer grow.
Published Heart organoids simulate pregestational diabetes-induced congenital heart disease
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source An advanced human heart organoid system can be used to model embryonic heart development under pregestational diabetes-like conditions, researchers report. The organoids recapitulate hallmarks of pregestational diabetes-induced congenital heart disease found in mice and humans. The findings also showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipid imbalance are critical factors contributing to these disorders, which could be ameliorated with exposure to omega-3s.
Published Archaeological evidence of seasonal vitamin D deficiency discovered
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Rickets ran rife in children following the Industrial Revolution, but new research has found factory work and polluted cities aren't entirely to blame for the period's vitamin D deficiencies.
Published Third major study finds evidence that daily multivitamin supplements improve memory and slow cognitive aging in older adults
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers tested the effects of a daily multivitamin on cognitive changes in a study of 573 participants with in-person visits in the COSMOS trial. The researchers also conducted a meta-analysis among over 5,000 non-overlapping participants across the three separate cognition studies within the COSMOS trial. Results showed a statistically significant benefit for cognition among participants taking the multi-vitamin compared to placebo, suggesting that a multi-vitamin could help prevent memory loss and slow cognitive aging among older adults.
Published Energy-starved breast cancer cells consume their surroundings for fuel
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Breast cancer cells ingest and consume the matrix surrounding them to overcome starvation, according to a new study. The finding elucidates a previously unknown mechanism of cancer cell survival, and may offer a new target for therapy development.
Published A novel pathway regulating lipid biosynthesis by fatty acids
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) play a crucial role in lipid biosynthesis. In a recent study, researchers identified a novel cleavage enzyme of SREBP-1c, a key player in fatty acid biosynthesis. Moreover, the team unveiled, for the first time, that the biosynthesis process of fatty acid in the liver is activated by saturated fatty acids and inhibited by polyunsaturated fatty acids, providing new insights into the intricate workings of this cleavage system.
Published New study reveals high prevalence of anemia with low rates of screening
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study has found high rates of anemia among patients in the Irish health system, while screening for common causes was found to be low.
Published Foundation laid for improved diagnostic imaging of brain tumors
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Research team draws up criteria for PET-based examinations of malignant brain tumors.
Published Aptamers: lifesavers; ion shields: aptamer guardians
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Aptamers, nucleic acids capable of selectively binding to viruses, proteins, ions, small molecules, and various other targets, are garnering attention in drug development as potential antibody substitutes for their thermal and chemical stability as well as ability to inhibit specific enzymes or target proteins through three-dimensional binding. They also hold promise for swift diagnoses of colon cancer and other challenging diseases by targeting elusive biomarkers. Despite their utility, these aptamers are susceptible to easy degradation by multiple enzymes, presenting a significant challenge.
Published Healthy omega-3 fats may slow deadly pulmonary fibrosis
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Higher levels of omega-3, the healthy fat found in fish and nuts, were associated with better lung function and longer transplant-free survival.
Published GPCR structure: Research reveals molecular origins of function for a key drug target
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists reveal how G protein-coupled receptors, major therapeutic drug targets, decode critical properties of their ligands.
Published The key mechanism to cell growth has been elucidated
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have discovered how amino acids activate a key cell, TORC1, which is a master regulator in living organisms that controls whether cells grow or recycle their contents in yeast. Notably, the team found that the amino acid cysteine is sensed by a protein called Pib2 and that the two bind together to trigger TORC1. This is important because faulty TORC1 has been linked to disease such as cancer.
Published One of the keys to healthy sleep and blood sugar has been found
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have shown that the rare D-form of the amino acid alanine shows a clear circadian rhythm, and is able to affect the circadian clock and regulate gluconeogenesis, a method of glucose release, in the kidney. D-alanine upregulates genes linked to both gluconeogenesis and the circadian rhythm through the circadian transcriptional network. D-alanine is linked to many metabolic and immunological diseases, and this mechanistic insight could potentially lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
Published Study unveils a role of mitochondria in dietary fat processing
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers discover a new mechanism controlling the uptake of lipids from digested food.
Published Algae as a surprising meat alternative and source of environmentally friendly protein
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study has demonstrate that the ingestion of two of the most commercially available algal species are rich in protein which supports muscle remodeling in young healthy adults. Their findings suggest that algae may be an interesting and sustainable alternative to animal-derived protein with respect to maintaining and building muscle.
Published US adults eat a meal's worth of calories of snacks in a day
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Snacks constitute almost a quarter of a day's calories in U.S. adults and account for about one-third of daily added sugar, a new study suggests. Researchers analyzing data from surveys of over 20,000 people found that Americans averaged about 400 to 500 calories in snacks a day -- often more than what they consumed at breakfast -- that offered little nutritional value.